Confounding factor/Lurking factor
§ Associated with both the exposure & disease
§ Distributed unequally b/w study & control groups
§ It is itself a risk factor for the disease
§ an extraneous variable in a statistical model that correlates (positively or negatively) with both the dependent variable and the independent variable.
§ It is neutralized by matching
§ Matching------- we select control in such a way that they are similar to cases with regard to confounding factors
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